History of Educational Technology and ICT Revolution

Jean C. Cotamora                             

Author

CONTENT:        

To better understand and appreciate what we have now, it is important for us to consider and dig the past. 

0399 BCE – Purely inquiry & the Socratic Method; through the use of questioning

1774 – 1875 - Learning sequence & object-teaching; it focused on the natural growth of the mind. It employsPestalozzian principles which emphasized breaking content down into sequences with a teacher-centered approach. 

1806 – 1853 - Affordable education; back then there were notions of free public school. Social status often indicated whether individuals had access to education. 

1852 – 1892- Distance education; this doesn’t mean “online learning”; stenograph and post office opened up opportunities to develop correspondence courses. 

1867 – 1875 - Object teaching the Quincy methods; the teacher was still considered the sole source of knowledge, however there was a variation of object-teaching that was employed in Quincy, Massachusetts. Students learned through sensory active processes, learning by doing. 

1889 – 1892 - Method of apperception; there were identified levels of learning, among were: (1) sensory activity; (2) reproduction of already existing ideas; and (3) assimilating the new concept with the old concept. This was a teacher-centered approach where the teacher has prepared questions and answers that they used to impart knowledge.

1910 – 1923- Visual instruction; motion picture projector is an instructional media device used in schools to incorporate films, slides, and photographs for use in instruction. 

1939 – Audio-visual instruction &World War II. There was a need for mass instruction (training) for the military and the advent of audiovisual technology resulted in an impact on educational technology. 

1950 – 1965 - Instructional TV& programmed instruction; used teacher-centered broadcasting of teachers lecturing. Programmed instructional materials could increase self-paced learning through sequential content presentation, questioning techniques, and immediate feedback. 

1981 - IBM introduces pc; IBM releases the first Personal Computer. 

1982 – 1985 - Satellite TV systems

1989 – 1993 -Tim Berners-Lee developed the World Wide Web.

1995 - WARD CUNNIGHAM: The first wiki was created. 

1998 - International Society for Technology Education (ISTE) recognizes the influences technology has on education and developed National Education Technology Standards (NETS). 

2005 – 2012 – Emergence of Learning Management Systems; LMS platforms provide interactive software and online tools, such as discussion boards and dropboxes, to support instructional methods.

2007 – 2012 - Participatory journalism; allowing readers worldwide to comment and participate in news has a major impact on society and educational technology because reading and discussion becomes more than a process limited to a small audience within the walls of the classroom.

2007 - Flip video camera is introduced as an affordable digital camcorder. Videos impact educational technology because students can create videos as performance assessments. 

2008 – 2012 -Khan Academy has impacted educational technology because content/courseware is open-source and available to anyone. 

2008 – 2012 – Emergence of Edmodo. It is an example of how teachers in traditional classrooms can integrate anytime, anywhere learning to promote collaboration in a secure environment. 

2010 – 2012 – 21stcentury tablet; Apple has impacted the field of educational technology by opening up iTunesU and iBook Author, which curates current content and allows easy creation of interactive books and content.

EXPERIENCE:

                 Way back in high school, our teachers did not use any digital technology in teaching. There was never even encouragement to use computers or the Internet to learn more not until my latter years. Today, it would be impossible for me to pass any of my subjects without consulting the Internet for further and easier elaboration of difficult lessons. Back then I never really have cared of how much computer technology has grown. I can now differentiate the mode of teaching yesterday and now. When I was in elementary teaching is teacher-centered, there were few times when my teachers would give student-centered activities. My early years in high school were somewhat similar to my elementary years but there were changes in the latter years. There was already slight integration of educational technology. This could only accounted to the evolving educational technology.

REFLECTION:

                I can still remember what my high school teacher told me, she said “the first computer is the abacus.” Well, it safe to say then that computers were primarily made for computing purposes. However now, computers are more than just computing devices most especially in education. It is important for any teacher to look back and reflect on how much technology has grown. The knowledge that the teacher would obtain from doing that would help him/her teach accordingly, he/she will try not be retroactive by employing the traditional way of teaching but be someone who teaches with the newest trend in educational technology and employ more “student-centered” approaches.

APPLICATION:

                Later, I will exert an effort in applying the newest approaches and strategies in teaching. I will integrate technology in my teaching not just for the reason of improving my instruction but to bring my students to the generation. I will try not to be retroactive but instead makes use of what’s new and be dynamic. I should not stop learning; I must go with the flow.